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This suggests that the behavioral phenotype depends on the neurons affected rather than the specific nature of the mutation. Selective expression of mutant SCA3 in dopaminergic neurons led to a gait signature that more closely resembled those of PD flies. We found that fly models of PD and SCA3 exhibited markedly different walking gait and tremor signatures, which recapitulated characteristics of the respective human diseases. Using FLLIT, we carried out high-throughput and high-resolution analysis of gait and tremor features in Drosophila neurodegeneration mutants for the first time. Notably, unlike other machine-learning methods, FLLIT generates its own training sets and does not require user-annotated images for learning.

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To answer this question, we developed a machine-learning image-analysis program, Feature Learning-based LImb segmentation and Tracking (FLLIT), that automatically tracks leg claw positions of freely moving flies recorded on high-speed video, producing a series of gait measurements. However, it is unknown whether specific gait and tremor dysfunctions also occur in fly disease mutants. Drosophila melanogaster models of neurodegeneration have illuminated our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease. Some neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinsons Disease (PD) and Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3), are associated with distinct, altered gait and tremor movements that are reflective of the underlying disease etiology.